四川大学2012年翻译硕士MTI考研真题
I. Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into their target languages respectively. (30)
1. CPI: 居民消费价格指数(Consumer Price Index)
2. SME: 中小企业(small and medium enterprises)
3. WWF: 世界野生动物基金会(World Wildlife Fund)
4. ISO: 国际标准化组织 (International Organization for Standardization)
5. CIF: 到岸价格(cost insurance and freight)
6. Foxconn: 富士康
7. MOFCOM: 中华人民共和国商务部(Ministry of Commerce of the Peaples Republic of China)
8. TPP: 跨太平洋战略经济伙伴协定(Trans-Pacifc Partnership);跨太平洋伙伴协议
9. IPCC(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change):政府间气候变化专门委员会
10. Chemical Oxygen Demand: 化学需氧量
11. the 100,000 Strong Initiative by President Obama: 奥巴马政府的十万强计划奥巴马总统发起的10万人留学中国计划
12. carbon foot print: 碳足迹
13. debt ceiling: 债务上限; 债务最高限额
14. solar photovoltaics: 太阳光电;太阳能光伏发电
15. Standard Poors: 标准普尔
16. 非关税壁垒: non-tariff barriers
17. 平板电视: Flat Panel Display
18. 廉租房: low-rent housing
19. 经济二次触底: bottom out for the Second time; hit bottom for the second time
20. 海选: (first/initial) audition
21. 剩男剩女: leftover women and men; Leftover singles
22. 地沟油: illegally recycled waste cooking oil ; recycled cooking oil; Gutter oil
23. 潜规则: casting couch; hidden rule; be forced to have sex with influential figures to promote ones career
24. 中国载人航天计划: Chinese manned space program
25. 紧缩性货币政策: Tight monetary policy
26. 云计算: Cloud Computing
27. 民心工程: projects in the public interest; pro-people projects
28. 智能城市: Smart City
29. 《海峡两岸经济合作框架协议》: Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement
30. 《中庸》: The Doctrine of Mean
II. Directions: Translate the following source texts into their target languages respectively. If the source text is in English, its target language is Chinese. If the source text is in Chinese, its target language is English. (120)
Source Text 1:
High-speed ground transportation (HSGT) technologies with vehicle speeds exceeding 150 mph can be divided into two basic categories:
High-speed rail (HSR) systems, with top speeds between 150 and 200 mph, use steel wheels on steel rails, as with traditional railroads, but can achieve higher speeds because of the design of both the rail bed and cars.
High-speed magnetic levitation (MAGLEV) systems, with top speeds between 250 and 300 mph, use forces of attraction or repulsion from powerful magnets placed in either the vehicle or the guideway beneath it both to lift the vehicle above the guideway and to propel it forward. A MAGLEV vehicle can be likened to a flying train or a guided aircraft.
If linked effectively with highways and air service, HSGT technologies particularly MAGLEV could have a significant impact on congestion in the future.
When comparing HSR with MAGLEV technologies, MAGLEV appears to be the technology of choice. Though the new generation of HSR technology can reach commercial speeds of up to 186 mph, additional increases in speed pose great engineering problems, suggesting that rail transportation is a mature technology. MAGLEV technology, on the other hand, is in its infancy and will improve substantially with additional engineering.
参考答案：车速超过每小时150英里的高速地面交通系统技术，基本上可以分为两类：一种是最高速度每小时150英里到200英里(240-320千米)的高速铁路系统，与传统铁路一样，在钢轨上用钢轮。但是由于铁轨路床和车厢的设计，可以达到更高的速度.另一个是高速孩悬浑系统，最高速度每小时250-300英里400-480千米)，利用安装在列车内或者下面导轨内强大磁铁的吸引力或斥力，把列车抬起 来，悬浮在导轨上，推动列车前进。磁悬浮列车可以比作飞行的列车或制导的飞机。若同公路运输和 空中运输有效地连接起来，那么高速地面交通技术，特别是磁悬浮技术，对解决未来的交通拥挤可能 发浑重大作用。若将高速铁路技术同磁悬浮技术作比较，磁悬浮似乎是首选。虽然新一代的高速铁路 技术能够达到每小时186英里的商业速度，但是要额外提高速度就面临许多工程方面的间题，这表明， 铁路运输已经是一种成熟的技术。反之，磁悬浮技术则尚处于幼年阶段，将会随着工程技术的发展大 大改善。
Source Text 2:
The fortunate people in the worldthe only really fortunate people in the world, in my mind, are those whose work is also their pleasure. The class is not a large one, not nearly so large as it is often represented to be; and authors are perhaps one of the most important elements in its composition. They enjoy in this respect at least a real harmony of life. To my mind, to be able to make your work your pleasure is the one class distinction in the world worth striving for; and I do not wonder that others are inclined to envy those happy human beings who find their livelihood in the gay effusions of their fancy, to whom every hour of labor is an hour of enjoyment, to whom repose however necessaryis a tiresome interlude, and even a holiday is almost deprivation. Whether a man writes well or ill, has much to say or little, if he cares about writing at all, he will appreciate the pleasures of composition. To sit at ones table on a sunny morning, with four clear hours of uninterruptible security, plenty of nice white paper, and a Squeezer penthat is true happiness. The complete absorption of the mind upon an agreeable occupationwhat more is there than that to desire? What does it matter what happens outside? The House of Commons may do what it likes, and so may the House of Lords. The heathen may rage furiously in every part of the globe. The bottom may be knocked clean out of the American market. Consols may fall and suffragettes may rise. Never mind, for four hours, at any rate, we will withdraw ourselves from a common, ill-governed, and disorderly world, and with the key of fancy unlock that cupboard where all the good things of the infinite are put away.
参考译文：在我看来，世上幸运的人世上唯一真正幸运的人，是那些以工作为乐的人。这个阶层的人并不多，还没有人们常说的那样多。也许，作家是其中最重要的组成部 分之一。就幸运而言，他们至少享受着生活中真正的和谐美。依我看，能使工作成为乐趣，是世人值得为之奋斗的一种崇高的荣誉;而且，我毫不怀疑别人会羡慕这 些幸福的人，因为他们在快乐地喷涌的幻想中找到了生计，对他们来说，每劳动一小时，就是享受一小时，而休息无论多么有必要是令人讨厌的插曲，甚至 度假也几乎成了一种损失。无论写得好坏，写成多少，只要在意，就可尝到谋章布局的乐趣。在一个阳光明媚的早晨，临桌而坐，整整四个小时不受打扰，有足够数 量的雪白稿纸，还有一支挤压式妙笔那才叫真正的幸福。全心全意地投入一项令人愉快的职业此愿足矣!外面发生什么事又有何妨?下院想干什么就干 什么吧，上院也可如此。异教徙可以在全球各地大发作。美国市场可以彻底崩溃。证券可以下跌;女权运动可以兴起。没有关系，不管怎么说，我们有四个小时可以 躲开这俗气的、治理不善的、杂乱无章的世界，并且用想象这把钥匙，去开启藏有大千世界一切宝物的小橱。
Source Text 3:
锦江在秦汉时代称为成都二江，包括郫江(内江)和检江(外江)。自汉以后，二江开始有了一个诗意化的通称：锦江。据史料记载，蜀地的织女们爱用二江的水洗濯织锦(brocade)，洗后的锦缎纹理鲜明，颜色更加艳丽，因而此二江得名锦江。锦江的得名还与都江堰有关。在古蜀时代，岷江进入成都平原后的水流是散漫混浊的，平原一片沼泽，难以农耕。由于有了都江堰，用二江引渠作灌溉，浊流变为清江，水害变为水利，这才有濯锦江波的条件，才有锦江的得名。都江堰使成都平原成为沃野千里、水旱从人的天府，锦江使成都成为繁荣富庶的名都。都江堰与锦江都是成都城市文明的摇篮。
锦江赋予成都天青水绿的自然环境。成都的天生丽质离不开锦江水绿天青不起尘，风光和暖胜三秦的优良自然条件。
参考答案：The Jinjiang River was called the Chengdu Erjiang (two rivers) during the Qin and Han dynasties, including the inner river Pijiang and outer river Jianjiang. Since the Han Dynasty the two rivers have become known by a shared poetic name, Jinjiang, meaning Brocade River. According to historical record, Sichuan weavers often washed their brocade in the two rivers because the brocade became more lustrous and bright after being washed with the water. This is why the two rivers became known as the Brocade River. This naming is also related to Dujiangyan. In the ancient Shu times, the Minjiang River became muddy and ran off rampantly, turning the area into marshes after it entered the Chengdu Plain, making farming on the plain impossible. The Dujiangyan Water Project made use of the two rivers as water diversion channels for irrigation. As a result, the muddy waters became clear enough for local weavers to wash their brocade. Both the Dujiangyan and Jinjiang were cradles of the urban civilization of Chengdu, since the former converted the submerged Chengdu Plain into an expanse of fertile farmland and the latter brought prosperity and affluence to the city of Chengdu. The beauty of Chengdu attributes to the wonderful natural conditions of Jinjiang, which can be described by a line from a Chinese poem The water and the sky are blue without a seed of dust, the scenery and climate are even better than Shaanxi.
Source Text 4:
多数科学家相信，石油是由数万亿年之前亿万个生活在海洋里的微小动植物遗体的分解物形成的。在这些生物死亡之后，遗体即腐烂，经过数百万年之后，便在海洋底部形成了矿泥层;由于地壳运动的挤压和由此产生的热量的共同作用，这些矿泥层就变成了石油。
石油分馏物(组成称为石油的混合物的东西)及其副产品多得不可胜数：有小汽车用的汽油，火车、公共汽车和载重卡车的柴油，航空汽油，各种发动机用的润滑油，发电站和轮船用的重油，铺路的沥青，制造塑料、合成纤维乃至合成食品的石油化学产品，等等。今天，没有石油产品的世界几乎是不可想象的。
参考译文：Most scientists believe that oil was formed from the anaerobic decay of minute creatures and plants in the sea millions of billions of years ago. The dead bodies of the creatures rotted and formed layers of slime after millions of years, and through pressure and the resulting rising temperature, these layers turned into oil. Oil fraction (forms what is called the oil mixture) and its other by-products are countless: gasoline used by cars, diesel used by trains, buses and trucks, aviation gasoline, lubricating oil for all kinds of engines, heavy oil for power stations and ships, asphalt for building roads, chemical oil products for the manufacture of plastic, synthetic fiber or even synthetic food and so on. Today, a world without oil products is unimaginable.