翻译一直是令万千考研学子头痛的题目之一，但是只要掌握翻译技巧，其实再难的句子我们也能轻松看懂，也能翻译准确，今天我们就以2014年英语二翻译为例，为大家详细分析翻译中可以使用的技巧，怎样一步步翻译出准确的文段。
考研试题如下，先来自己做一下练习吧：
Most people would define optimism as endlessly happy, with a glass thats perpetually half full. But thats exactly the kind of false cheerfulness that positive psychologists wouldnt recommend. Healthy optimists means being in touch with reality. says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor.According to Ben-Shalar, realistic optimists are these who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best.
Ben-Shalar uses three optimistic exercisers. When he feels down say, after giving a bad lecture he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that not every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction. He analyzes the weak lecture, leaning lessons for the future about what works and what doesnt. Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the grand scheme of life, one lecture really doesnt matter.
我们分别来处理一下这些句子。
1)Most people would define optimism as endlessly happy, with a glass thats perpetually half full.
分析句子：句子不长，我们先找出句子主干：主语(Most people)+谓语(would define ... as...)，define A as B是固定搭配，表示把A定义为B，主干部分顺译即可。句子的修饰成分是with a glass + 定语从句(thats perpetually half full)作状语，perpetually是永远的意思，翻译的时候注意定语从句很短，可以放在名词前面翻译。
整句翻译：大多数人会把乐观定义为无尽的快乐，就像是永远半满的杯子。
2)But thats exactly the kind of false cheerfulness that positive psychologists wouldnt recommend.
分析句子：主从复合句结构。主句：主语(that)+系动词(is)+表语(the kind of false cheerfulness)，exactly作状语修饰is，主句可以顺译。从句为定语从句：主语(positive psychologists)+谓语(wouldnt recommend)，从句较短，考虑在翻译的时候放在修饰的cheerfulness前。
整句翻译：但那是一种积极的心理学家绝对不会推荐的虚假的快乐。
3)Healthy optimists means being in touch with reality. says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor.
分析句子：本句为直接引语的倒装形式：宾语(Healthy optimists means being in touch with reality.)+谓语(says)+主语(Tal Ben-Shahar)+同位语(a Harvard professor)。同位语解释前面的主语，较短，可以前置翻译。翻译时可以考虑汉语习惯把语序调整回主谓宾的顺序。引号中的内容：主语(Healthy optimists)+谓语(means)+宾语(being in touch with reality)，其中be in touch with和...保持联系。
整句翻译：哈佛大学教授塔尔本沙哈尔说：健康的乐观意味着不脱离现实。
4)According to Ben-Shalar, realistic optimists are these who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best.
分析句子：句子结构：状语(According to Ben-Shalar,)+主语(realistic optimists)+系动词(are)+宾语1(these)+定语从句(who make the best of things that happen，其中that happen是作定语从句修饰things)+宾语2(but not those)+定语从句(who believe everything happens for the best)。
整句翻译：按照本沙哈尔的说法，现实的乐观主义者是那些充分利用发生的事的人，而不是那些相信凡事发生都是为了最好的结果。
5)Ben-Shalar uses three optimistic exercisers.
分析句子：主语(Ben-Shalar)+谓语 (uses) +宾语(three optimistic exercisers)。
整句翻译：本沙哈尔使用三种乐观的方法。
6)When he feels down say, after giving a bad lecture he grants himself permission to be human.
分析句子：从句(When he feels down)+插入语(say, after giving a bad lecture，其中say表示比如)+主句(he grants himself permission to be human)，其中grant sb sth 为双宾语结构。
整句翻译：当他情绪低落时比如说一次课没讲好他允许自己做一个凡人。
7)He reminds himself that not every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others.
分析句子：主语(He)+谓语(reminds)+间接宾语(himself)+并列从句做直接宾语(that not every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others)。
整句翻译：他提醒自己，不是每堂课都有诺贝尔奖的水准;总会有一些可得效果不如别的课。
8)Next is reconstruction.
分析句子：主系表结构。
整句翻译：接下来是回顾。
9)He analyzes the weak lecture, leaning lessons for the future about what works and what doesnt.
分析句子：主语(He)+谓语(analyzes)+宾语(the weak lecture)+结果状语(leaning lessons)+对象状语(for the future)+定语(about what works and what doesnt，定语修饰lessons，其中about后为两个并列从句做介词宾语)。
整句翻译：他分析讲得不好的课，为以后积累有用的经验和失败的教训。
10)Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the grand scheme of life, one lecture really doesnt matter.
分析句子：
整句翻译：最后，还有视角方面，这包括承认在生命的长河中，一堂课真的不算什么。
全文翻译：
大多数人会把乐观定义为无尽的快乐，就像是永远半满的杯子。但那是一种积极的心理学家绝对不会推荐的虚假的快乐。哈佛大学教授塔尔本沙哈尔说：健康的乐观意味着不脱离现实。按照本沙哈尔的说法，现实的乐观主义者是那些充分利用发生的事的人，而不是那些相信凡事发生都是为了最好的结果。
本沙哈尔使用三种乐观的方法。当他情绪低落时比如说一次课没讲好他允许自己做一个凡人。他提醒自己，不是每堂课都有诺贝尔奖的水准;总会有一些可得效果不如别的课。接下来是回顾。他分析讲得不好的课，为以后积累有用的经验和失败的教训。最后，还有视角方面，这包括承认在生命的长河中，一堂课真的不算什么。
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