除了考研政治要关注时事，其实很多专业课也是要关注时事的，下面是查字典考研分享给大家的2016考研翻译硕士时文素材，希望对考生们的复习有所帮助。
Made in China?
中国制造?
Asias dominance in manufacturing will endure. That will make development harder for others
亚洲在制造业的优势将延续下去。但是，这会让其他地区的发展更困难。
BY MAKING things and selling them to foreigners, China has transformed itselfand the world economy with it. In 1990 it produced less than 3% of global manufacturing output by value; its share now is nearly a quarter. China produces about 80% of the worlds air-conditioners, 70% of its mobile phones and 60% of its shoes. The white heat of Chinas ascent has forged supply chains that reach deep into South-East Asia. This Factory Asia now makes almost half the worlds goods.
通过制造商品并将它们卖给外国人，中国改变了自己，也改变了世界经济。1990年，中国制造业的产值还不到全球制造业总产值的3%;如今，这个份额已经接近四分之一。中国生产了约占全世界80%的空调、70%手机和60%的鞋。中国起飞的白色蒸汽造就出延伸至东南亚腹地的供应链。如今，这个工厂亚洲制造的产品几乎占全世界的一半。
China has been following in the footsteps of Asian tigers such as South Korea and Taiwan. Many assumed that, in due course, the baton would pass to other parts of the world, enabling them in their turn to manufacture their way to prosperity. But far from being loosened by rising wages, Chinas grip is tightening. Low-cost work that does leave China goes mainly to South-East Asia, only reinforcing Factory Asias dominance. That raises questions for emerging markets outside Chinas orbit. From India to Africa and South America, the tricky task of getting rich has become harder.
中国始终都在沿着以南韩和台湾为代表的亚洲虎的足迹前行。因此，许多人有这样一种假设，按照应有的顺序，这个接力棒会传递到世界其他地区手中，让这些地区也能够以自己的方式制造出自己的繁荣。但是，中国之于制造业的控制，远未因不断上涨的工资而有所放松。那些离开了中国的低成本工作主要流向了东南亚，其唯一的后果就是再度强化了工厂亚洲的优势。这就为中国轨道之外的其他新兴市场出了一道难题。从印度到非洲，再到南美，致富这个棘手的任务已经越来越难了。
Work to rule
工作是为了统治
Chinas economy is not as robust as it was. The property market is plagued by excess supply. Rising debt is a burden. Earlier this month the government said that it was aiming for growth of 7% this year, which would be its lowest for more than two decadesdata this week suggest even this might be a struggle. Despite this, China will continue to have three formidable advantages in manufacturing that will benefit the economy as a whole.
中国经济已经不如过去那样强劲了。房地产市场为供应过剩所困。不断增多的债务是一大负担。本月早些时候，中国政府明确表示，将把今年的增长目标定为7%，这将是20多年来最低的增速。本周的数据表明，即便是这个目标也可能难以完成。尽管如此，中国仍将在制造业拥有会让其经济整体受益的三大令人敬畏的优势。
First, it is clinging on to low-cost manufacturing, even as it goes upmarket to exploit higher-value activities. Its share of global clothing exports has actually risen, from 42.6% in 2011 to 43.1% in 2013. It is also making more of the things that go into its goods. The World Bank has found that the share of imported components in Chinas total exports has fallen from a peak of 60% in the mid-1990s to around 35% today. This is partly because China boasts clusters of efficient suppliers that others will struggle to replicate. It has excellent, and improving, infrastructure: it plans to build ten airports a year until 2020. And its firms are using automation to raise productivity, offsetting some of the effect of higher wagesthe idea behind the governments new Made in China 2025 strategy.
首先，即便中国已在进入更高级的市场开展含金量更高的活动 ，她仍就紧紧地抓着低成本的制造业。实际上，中国的服装出口在全球服装业出口中的份额，已经从2011年的42.6%升至2013年的43.1%。中国制造中的自制比例也在提高。世界银行发现，进口配件在中国出口总量中的份额，已经上世纪90年代中期的60%的峰值降至当今的35%左右。这部分是因为中国发展了一大批其他国家将难以复制的高效供应商。她有着一流的基础设施，而且还在不断完善：中国计划在到2020年这段时间内，每年建造10座机场。另外，中国的企业正在利用自动化来提高生产效率，从而抵消了工资上升带来的一些影响。这就是中国政府的中国制造2025新战略背后的思维。
Chinas second strength is Factory Asia itself. As wages rise, some low-cost activity is indeed leaving the country. Much of this is passing to large low-income populations in South-East Asia. This process has a dark side. Last year an NGO found that almost 30% of workers in Malaysias electronics industry were forced labour. But as Samsung, Microsoft, Toyota and other multinational firms trim production in China and turn instead to places such as Myanmar and the Philippines, they reinforce a regional supply chain with China at the centre.
中国的第二种力量是工厂亚洲自身。随着工资的上升，一些低成本的生产活动实际上正在离开中国。其中的绝大多数正在传递给东南亚巨大的低收入人口。这个过程有其黑暗的一面。去年，一个非政府组织发现，马来西亚电子产业将近30%的工人都是强制劳动力。但是，随着三星、微软、丰田和其他跨国企业削减在中国的生产并将这些生产转移到缅甸和菲律宾这样的地方，它们再度强化了一条以中国为中心的地区供应链。
The third advantage is that China is increasingly a linchpin of demand. As the spending and sophistication of Chinese consumers grows, Factory Asia is grabbing a bigger share of higher-margin marketing and customer service. At the same time, Chinese demand is strengthening Asian supply chains all the more. When it comes to the Chinese market, local contractors have the edge over distant rivals.
第三个优势，中国正在逐渐成为一个需求的辐射中心。随着中国消费者开支的增加和成熟度的提升，工厂亚洲正在从有着更高利润的市场营销和消费者服务等行业手中抢占更大的份额。与此同时，中国的需求也在强化亚洲供应链。在它们来到中国市场时，本地承包商享有对远方对手的优势。
Deft policy could boost these advantages still further. The Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) is capable of snapping up low-end manufacturing. Chinas shareby volumeof the market for American shoe imports slipped from 87% in 2009 to 79% last year. Vietnam, Indonesia and Cambodia picked up all the extra work. But ASEAN could do far more to create a single market for more complex goods and services. Regionalor, better, globaldeals would smooth the spread of manufacturing networks from China into nearby countries. The example of Thailands strength in vehicle production, which followed the scrapping of restrictions on foreign components, shows how the right policies can weld South-East Asian countries into Chinas manufacturing machine.
灵活的政策能够进一步地提升这些优势。东盟能够快速蚕食低端制造业。中国产品占美国的鞋类进口市场的数量份额，已经从2009年的87%下滑至去年的79%。越南、印尼和柬埔寨接过了所有的额外工作。但是，东盟能够在为更加复杂的商品和服务创造统一市场方面有更大的作为。地区的，或者是更好的、全球性的协议将顺利地将制造业网络从中国转移至附近的国家。泰国在汽车生产上的实力来自于取消外国配件限制这个例子表明，正确的政策能够令东南业国家融入中国的制造业机器。
Unfortunately, other parts of the emerging world have less cause to rejoice. They lack a large economy that can act as the nucleus of a regional grouping. The North American Free-Trade Agreement has brought Mexican firms into supply chains that criss-cross North America, but not Central and South American ones. High trade barriers mean western Europe will not help north Africa in the way that it has helped central and eastern Europe.
不幸的是，新兴世界的其他地区就会少了一些高兴的理由。他们缺乏一个能够扮演地区性组织之核心的大型经济体。北美自由贸易协定是将墨西哥的企业，而不是中美和南美的企业，带入了纵横交错的北美供应链。高企的贸易门槛意味着西欧将无法用曾经为中欧和东欧出过力的方式来帮助北非。
And even when places like India or sub-Saharan Africa prise production from Factory Asias grasp, another problem remains. Manufacturing may no longer offer the employment or income gains that it once did. In the past export-led manufacturing offered a way for large numbers of unskilled workers to move from field to factory, transforming their productivity at a stroke. Now technological advances have led to fewer workers on factory floors. China and its neighbours may have been the last countries to be able to climb up the ladder of development simply by recruiting lots of unskilled people to make things cheaply.
再者，即便是像印度和撒哈拉以南非洲这样的地方能够从工厂亚洲的主宰中抢到一些生产，另外一个问题依然存在。制造业可能已经不能再像以前那样提供就业或者收入所得。过去，以出口为主的制造业曾经为数量众多的无技能的工人从农田转移到工厂提供了一种方式，迅速地转变了这些工人的生产效率。如今，技术进步已经导致了工厂车间中的工人的日渐减少。中国和她的邻国可能是最后几个能够简单地利用招募大量无技能之人以廉价地生产商品这种方式攀上发展阶梯的国家。
Exports still remain the surest path to success for emerging markets. Competing in global markets is the best way to boost productivity. But governments outside the gates of Factory Asia will have to rely on several engines of developmentnot just manufacturing, but agriculture and services, too. Indias IT-services sector shows what can be achieved, but it is high-skilled and barely taps into the countrys ocean of labour.
出口仍旧是新兴市场走向成功的确定性最大的道路。在全球市场中竞争是提升生产力的最佳方式。但是，工厂亚洲大门之外的各国政府，将来有必要依赖数个发展引擎除了制造业，还有农业和服务业。印度的IT服务部门所展示的是可能的成功。但是，这是一个[需要]高技能的产业，因而几乎没有惠及该国众多的普通劳动力。
Put policy to work
给工作制定政策
Such a model of development demands more of policymakers than competing on manufacturing labour costs ever did. A more liberal global regime for trade in services should be a priority for South America and Africa. Infrastructure spending has to focus on fibre-optic cables as well as ports and roads. Education is essential, because countries trying to break into global markets will need skilled workforces.
这样一种发展模式给决策者提出了更多的要求，他们不能在像以前那样，仅仅在劳动力成本方面同别国进行竞争。一个更加自由的全球性服务贸易体系应当成为南美和非洲的首要任务。基础设施的开支，既要以港口和道路为中心，还得将重点放在光缆上面。教育是基础，因为试图打进全球市场的国家今后会需要有技能的劳动力。
These are tall orders for developing countries. But just waiting for higher Chinese wages to push jobs their way is a recipe for failure.
对发展中国家来说，这些要求是困难的。但是，仅仅是坐等中国人在工资提高后再把工作让给他们是一种失败的做法。
已经进入10月份了，距离考试的时间越来越近了。正处于考研复习的关键时刻，考生们保持良 好的心态，全身心的投入到考研复习中去。